N'ihu n'ịmepụta ihe ziri ezi na nchọpụta sayensị, ihe ọ bụla nke njehie nwere ike ịghọ "ihe mgbochi" nke na-egbochi ọganihu. Dịka ngwa dị mkpa iji nweta njikwa mmegharị dị elu, arụmọrụ nke ikpo okwu mmegharị ikuku na-ese n'elu mmiri nke nrụgide kwụsiri ike metụtara ịdị mma na ihe ịga nke ọma nke nsonaazụ ahụ. N'ime ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-emetụta ya, ntọala granite, yana njirimara ya na-enweghị atụ, aghọwo isi ihe na-eme ka arụmọrụ dị mma nke ikpo okwu ahụ dị mma.
Granite, mgbe ọtụtụ nde afọ nke mgbanwe ala gasịrị, nhazi ime ya dị oke ma dịkwa otu, ọkachasị site na quartz, feldspar na mineral ndị ọzọ jikọtara ọnụ nke ọma. Nhazi pụrụ iche a nke e kere eke na-enye ntọala granite ọtụtụ ihe pụrụ iche.
Ezigbo nkwụsi ike, nke dịpụrụ iche site na nnyonye anya mpụga
Mkpọtụ n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ihe na-emegide izi ezi maka ikpo okwu ikuku na-ese n'elu ikpo okwu nrụgide kwụ ọtọ. Mkpọtụ nke igwe na akụrụngwa buru ibu na-emepụta n'ala ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na okporo ụzọ gbara ya gburugburu nwere ike ibufe na ikpo okwu na-agagharị site n'ala. Agbanyeghị, ntọala granite dị ka "ebe siri ike na-eguzogide ala ọma jijiji." Ọdịdị kristal ya dị mgbagwoju anya nwere ike igbochi ma belata mkpọtụ nke ọma, site na nnwale bara uru, enwere ike ibelata oke mkpọtụ nke a na-ebuga na ikpo okwu site na ihe karịrị 80%. Na ogbako mmepụta chip semiconductor, usoro photolithography chọrọ izi ezi ọnọdụ iji ruo ọkwa nanometer, na ikpo okwu mmegharị ikuku na-ese n'elu ikpo okwu nke ntọala granite kwadoro nwere ike hụ na ọrụ kwụsiri ike nke ngwa lithography chip na gburugburu ebe a na-ama jijiji mgbagwoju anya, mezue eserese nke ụkpụrụ sekit nke ọma, ma melite mmepụta nke mmepụta chip nke ukwuu.
Ezigbo nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ, anaghị atụ egwu mgbanwe okpomọkụ
Mgbanwe okpomọkụ ga-eme ka ọtụtụ ihe gbasaa ma belata, nke ga-emetụta izi ezi nke akụrụngwa ahụ. Agbanyeghị, ntọala granite na-egosi nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ pụrụ iche, oke ya nke mgbasawanye okpomọkụ dịkwa obere, n'ozuzu ya na 5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃. N'ọhịa nke mbara igwe, ikpo okwu mmegharị ikuku na-ese n'elu mmiri nke a na-eji maka nhazi nke lenses telescope buru ibu, yana ntọala granite, ọbụlagodi n'agbanyeghị mgbanwe dị ukwuu na ọdịiche okpomọkụ n'etiti ehihie na abalị, ọ nwere ike ijide n'aka na a na-edobe izi ezi nke lenses ahụ na ọkwa sub-micron, na-enyere ndị na-enyocha mbara igwe aka ijide mgbanwe dị nro nke ihe ndị dị n'eluigwe dị anya ma chọpụta ihe omimi nke eluigwe miri emi.
Ike siri ike na nguzogide iyi iji hụ na ejiri ya mee ihe ogologo oge
N'oge dị ogologo nke ikpo okwu ikuku na-ese n'elu ikpo okwu, ọ bụ ezie na enwere nkwado ikuku na-ese n'elu n'etiti ikpo okwu na ntọala, enwere ụfọdụ esemokwu. Ike granite dị elu, ike Mohs nwere ike iru 6-7, yana ezigbo nguzogide iyi. N'ime ụlọ nyocha sayensị ihe, ikpo okwu ngagharị ikuku na-ese n'elu ikpo okwu, ntọala granite ya nwere ike iguzogide mfu esemokwu ogologo oge nke ọma, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ntọala nkịtị, nwere ike ịgbatị usoro mmezi nke ikpo okwu ahụ karịa 50%, belata ọnụ ahịa mmezi akụrụngwa, ma hụ na ọrụ nyocha sayensị na-aga n'ihu.
Nhọrọ nke ntọala granite maka ikpo okwu mmegharị ikuku na-ese n'elu mmiri nke nrụgide kwụ ọtọ bụ ihe kachasị mkpa nke nchụso ziri ezi, nkwụsi ike na ịdịte aka. N'ihe gbasara mmepụta semiconductor, imepụta ngwa anya, ikuku, nyocha sayensị na nnwale, nke chọrọ izi ezi siri ike, ikpo okwu mmegharị ikuku na-ese n'elu mmiri nke ntọala granite na-akwado na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe, na-akwalite mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche iji ruo na nkenke dị elu.
Oge ozi: Eprel-09-2025