Akụkọ - Kedu ihe mejupụtara granites?

Kedu ihe mejupụtara granite?

Granitebụ okwute intrusive a na-ahụkarị na ụwa kọntinent jikọrọ ọnụ, Ọ maara nke ọma dị ka a mottled pink, na-acha ọcha, isi awọ, na nwa ornamental nkume.Ọ na-esighị ike ruo ọkara-ọka.Isi ihe atọ ya bụ feldspar, quartz, na mica, nke na-eme dị ka muscovite silvery ma ọ bụ ọchịchịrị biotite ma ọ bụ abụọ.N'ime mineral ndị a, feldspar na-ebute ụzọ, na quartz na-abụkarị ihe karịrị pasent 10.Feldspars alkali na-abụkarị pink, na-eme ka granite pink na-ejikarị dị ka nkume eji achọ mma.Granite na-esi na magmas bara ụba na silica nke dị kilomita n'ime ala n'ime ụwa.Ọtụtụ nkwụnye ego ịnweta na-etolite nso ozu granite na-egbuke egbuke site na ngwọta hydrothermal nke ahụ na-ahapụ.

Nhazi

N'akụkụ elu nke QAPF nhazi ọkwa nke nkume plutonic (Streckeisen, 1976), a na-akọwa ogige granite site na nhazi nke quartz (Q 20 - 60%) na P / (P + A) n'etiti 10 na 65. Oghere granite nwere ngalaba abụọ: syenogranite na monzogranite.Naanị okwute na-eme n'ime syenogranite ka a na-ewere dị ka granites na akwụkwọ Anglo-Saxon.N'akwụkwọ ndị Europe, nkume na-emepụta n'ime ma syenogranite na monzogranite bụ aha granite.Mpaghara mpaghara monzogranite nwere adamellite na quartz monzonite na nhazi ọkwa ochie.Subcommission for Rock Cassification na-atụ aro ka jụ okwu adamellite na nso nso a yana ịkpọ aha dị ka quartz monzonite naanị okwute ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ubi quartz monzonite sensu stricto.

Ngwakọta kemịkalụ

Nkezi kemịkalụ kemịkalụ nke granite zuru ụwa ọnụ, site n'ịdị arọ,

dabere na nyocha 2485:

SiO2 72.04% (silica)
Al2O3 14.42% (alumina)
K2O 4.12%
Na2O 3.69%
CaO 1.82%
FeO 1.68%
Fe2O3 1.22%
MgO 0.71%
TiO2 0.30%
P2O5 0.12%
MnO 0.05%

Ọ na-enwekarị mineral quartz na feldspar, yana ma ọ bụ na-enweghị ọtụtụ ụdị mineral ndị ọzọ (ihe ndị ọzọ).Quartz na feldspar na-enyekarị granite agba ọkụ, sitere na pinkish ruo ọcha.A na-etinye ụcha okirikiri ahụ dị ọkụ site na mineral ngwa ngwa gbara ọchịchịrị.Ya mere granite kpochapụwo nwere ọdịdị "nnu-na ose".Ihe ịnweta ngwa ngwa ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ black mica biotite na black amphibole hornblende.Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nkume ndị a nile na-egbuke egbuke (ọ gbasiri ike site na magma) na plutonic (o mere ya n'ime nnukwu anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ pluton).Nhazi nke ọka na granite - enweghị akwa - bụ ihe akaebe nke mmalite plutonic.Nkume nwere otu ihe mejupụtara ya dị ka granite nwere ike ịmalite site na metamorphism dị ogologo na nke siri ike nke nkume sedimentary.Ma ụdị nkume ahụ nwere akwa siri ike ma na-akpọkarị granite gneiss.

Njupụta + Ebe mgbaze

Nkezi njupụta ya dị n'etiti 2.65 na 2.75 g/cm3, ike mkpakọ ya na-adịkarị karịa 200 MPa, na viscosity ya nso STP bụ 3-6 • 1019 Pa·s.Okpomọkụ agbaze bụ 1215-1260 Celsius.Ọ nwere permeability nke mbụ na-adịghị mma mana ike nke abụọ siri ike.

Ihe omume nke nkume Granite

A na-achọta ya na nnukwu plutons na kọntinent, na mpaghara ebe e mebiri emebi nke ụwa.Nke a bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya, n'ihi na granite ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-esiwanye ike n'ebe ndị e liri n'ime ala iji mee nnukwu ọka ịnweta.Pluton dị obere karịa 100 square kilomita na mpaghara ka a na-akpọ ebuka, nke ka ukwuu ka a na-akpọkwa batholiths.Lavas gbawara n'ụwa niile, mana lava nwere otu ihe mejupụtara ya dị ka granite (rhyolite) na-agbawa naanị na kọntinent.Nke ahụ pụtara na granite ga-etolite site na agbaze nke nkume kọntinent.Nke ahụ na-eme n'ihi ihe abụọ: ịgbakwunye okpomọkụ na ịgbakwunye volatiles (mmiri ma ọ bụ carbon dioxide ma ọ bụ ha abụọ).Kọntinent na-ekpo ọkụ nke ukwuu n'ihi na ha nwere ọtụtụ uranium na potassium nke ụwa, bụ ndị na-ekpo ọkụ gburugburu ha site na ire ere redio.Ebe ọ bụla nke jikọrọ ọnụ na-eme ka ọ dị ọkụ n'ime (dịka ọmụmaatụ na Tibet Plateau).Na usoro nke tectonics plate, tumadi subduction, nwere ike ime ka magmas basaltic bilie n'okpuru kọntinent.Na mgbakwunye na okpomọkụ, magmas ndị a na-ahapụ CO2 na mmiri, nke na-enyere aka na nkume dị iche iche na-agbaze na okpomọkụ dị ala.A na-eche na nnukwu magma basaltic nwere ike plasta na ala nke kọntinent na usoro a na-akpọ underplating.Site na ntọhapụ ngwa ngwa nke okpomọkụ na mmiri mmiri sitere na basalt ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke kọntinent nwere ike ịtụgharị na granite n'otu oge ahụ.

Ebee ka a chọtara ya?

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a maara na a na-ahụ ya n'ụwa naanị ka ọ bara ụba na kọntinent niile dịka akụkụ nke eriri kọntinent.A na-ahụ nkume a n'obere igwe dị ka ngwaahịa na-erughị 100 km², ma ọ bụ na batholiths nke bụ akụkụ nke ugwu orogenic.Ya na kọntinent nke ọzọ na nkume sedimentary, na-etolitekarị mkpọda n'okpuru ala.A na-ahụkwa ya na lacolites, trenches na ọnụ ụzọ.Dị ka ihe mejupụtara granite, ọdịiche nkume ndị ọzọ bụ alpids na pegmatites.Adhesives nwere mma urughuru nha karịa ime na ókè nke granitic ọgụ.Ọtụtụ pegmatites granular karịa granite na-ekekọrịta mkpokọta granite.

Granite na-eji

Ndị Ijipt oge ochie wuru pyramid site na granite na nkume nzu.
Ihe ndị ọzọ eji eme ihe n'Ijipt oge ochie bụ ogidi, ọnụ ụzọ ámá, sill, ịkpụzi na mgbidi na ihe mkpuchi ala.
Rajaraja Chola The Chola Dynasty na South India, na narị afọ nke 11 AD na obodo Tanjore na India, mere ụlọ nsọ mbụ nke ụwa kpamkpam.Ụlọ nsọ Brihadeeswarar, nke raara nye Lord Shiva, ka ewuru na 1010.
N'Alaeze Ukwu Rom, granite ghọrọ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ihe owuwu ụlọ na asụsụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ.
A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka nkume nha.Ọ na-adabere na abrasions, abụrụla nkume bara uru n'ihi nhazi ya nke na-anabata ike na nke na-egbuke egbuke ma na-egbuke egbuke iji buru ibu doro anya.
A na-eji ya n'ime oghere ime ụlọ maka slabs granite na-egbuke egbuke, taịl nile, oche, ala tile, steepụ steepụ na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ bara uru na ịchọ mma.

Oge a

A na-eji nkume ili ozu na ihe ncheta.
Ejiri ya maka ebumnuche ala.
Ndị injinia ejirila efere elu granite a na-egbu maramara na-emepụta ụgbọ elu n'ihi na ha anaghị emebi emebi na ha anaghị agbanwe agbanwe.

Mmepụta nke Granite

A na-egwupụta ya n'ụwa niile mana ọtụtụ agba dị egwu sitere na granite nkwụnye ego na Brazil, India, China, Finland, South Africa na North America.Ngwuputa nkume a bụ isi ego na usoro ọrụ siri ike.A na-ewepụ iberibe granite site na nkwụnye ego site na ịkpụ ma ọ bụ ịgbasa ọrụ.A na-eji slicers pụrụ iche na-egbutu iberibe granite n'ime efere ndị nwere ike ibugharị, bụ nke a na-akwakọba ma buru ya site na ụgbọ okporo ígwè ma ọ bụ mbupu.China, Brazil na India bụ ndị na-emepụta granite n'ụwa niile.

Mmechi

Nkume a maara dị ka "granite ojii" na-abụkarị gabbro nke nwere usoro kemịkalụ dị iche iche.
Ọ bụ nkume kasị ukwuu na Ụwa kọntinent jikọrọ ọnụ.N'ebe buru ibu nke a maara dị ka batholiths na n'ime ebe ndị dị na kọntinent a maara dị ka ọta, a na-ahụ n'etiti ọtụtụ ugwu ugwu.
Kristal nke ịnweta na-egosi na ọ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ajụ oyi site na ihe nkume a wụrụ awụ nke a na-emepụta n'okpuru elu ụwa ma na-achọ ogologo oge.
Ọ bụrụ na a na-ekpughe granite n'elu ụwa, ọ na-akpata ya site na ịrị elu nke nkume granite na nbibi nke nkume sedimentary dị n'elu ya.
N'okpuru nkume sedimentary, granites, granites metamorphosed ma ọ bụ okwute ndị yiri ya na-adịkarị n'okpuru mkpuchi a.E mechara mara ha dị ka nkume ndị dị n'okpuru ala.
Nkọwa eji maka granite na-ebutekarị nkwurịta okwu banyere nkume ma mgbe ụfọdụ na-akpata mgbagwoju anya.Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-eji ọtụtụ nkọwa.Enwere ụzọ atọ iji kọwaa granite.
Enwere ike ịkọwa usoro dị mfe na nkume, yana granite, mica na amphibole mineral, dị ka nnukwu ọkụ, ọkụ, nkume magmatic nke gụnyere feldspar na quartz.
Ọkachamara nkume ga-akọwa kpọmkwem ihe mejupụtara nkume ahụ, ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara agaghị eji granite chọpụta nkume ahụ ọ gwụla ma o zutere ụfọdụ pasent nke mineral.Ha nwere ike ịkpọ ya alkaline granite, granodiorite, pegmatite ma ọ bụ aplite.
A na-akpọkarị nkọwa azụmahịa nke ndị na-ere ahịa na ndị na-azụ ahịa na-eji dị ka nkume granular nke siri ike karịa granite.Ha nwere ike ịkpọ granite nke gabro, basalt, pegmatite, gneiss na ọtụtụ nkume ndị ọzọ.
A na-akọwakarị ya dị ka "nkume nha" nke nwere ike igbutu ogologo, obosara na ọkpụrụkpụ.
Granite siri ike nke ukwuu iji nagide ọtụtụ abrasions, nnukwu ibu, guzogide ọnọdụ ihu igwe ma nabata varnishes.Nkume a na-achọsi ike na nke bara uru.
Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ahịa granite dị elu karịa ọnụahịa maka ihe ndị ọzọ mmadụ mere maka ọrụ, a na-ewere ya dị ka ihe dị egwu nke a na-eji emetụta ndị ọzọ n'ihi ịdị mma, ịdịte aka na ịdị mma.