N'ọhịa ndị dị elu dịka mmepụta semiconductor na nha nha ziri ezi nke quantum, nke na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na gburugburu elektrọnik, ọbụlagodi obere nsogbu elektrọnik na akụrụngwa nwere ike ibute mgbanwe ziri ezi, na-emetụta àgwà ngwaahịa ikpeazụ na nsonaazụ nnwale. Dịka ihe dị mkpa na-akwado akụrụngwa ziri ezi, njirimara nnabata magnet nke ikpo okwu nkenke granite aghọwo ihe dị mkpa n'ịhụ na akụrụngwa ahụ na-arụ ọrụ kwụsiri ike. Nnyocha miri emi nke arụmọrụ nnabata magnet nke ikpo okwu nkenke granite na-enyere aka ịghọta uru ha na-enweghị ike ịgbanwe na nrụpụta dị elu na ọnọdụ nyocha sayensị. Granite nwere mineral dị ka quartz, feldspar na mica. Nhazi elektrọnik nke kristal mineral ndị a na-ekpebi njirimara nnabata magnet nke granite. Site na obere echiche, n'ime mineral dị ka quartz (SiO_2) na feldspar (dị ka potassium feldspar (KAlSi_3O_8)), elektrọn na-adịkarị n'ime njikọ covalent ma ọ bụ ionic. Dịka ụkpụrụ mwepụ Pauli na quantum mechanics si dị, ntụziaka ntụgharị nke elektrọn abụọ dị iche, oge ndọta ha na-akagbu ibe ha, na-eme ka nzaghachi zuru oke nke mineral na ubi ndọta mpụga adịghị ike nke ukwuu. Ya mere, granite bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị nke nwere obere mmetụta magnetik, nke na-adịkarị gburugburu usoro nke \(-10^{-5}\), nke a pụrụ ileghara anya. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe ígwè, uru mmetụta magnetik nke granite dị oke mkpa. Ọtụtụ ihe ígwè dị ka ígwè bụ ihe ferromagnetic ma ọ bụ paramagnetic, yana ọtụtụ elektrọn na-enweghị njikọ n'ime. Oge magnetik nke elektrọn ndị a nwere ike ịhazi ngwa ngwa ma dozie n'okpuru ọrụ nke ubi magnetik mpụga, na-ebute mmetụta magnetik nke ihe ígwè dị elu dị ka usoro nke \(10^2-10^6\). Mgbe enwere akara electromagnetic site na mpụga, ihe ígwè ga-ejikọ nke ọma na ubi magnetik, na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik na mfu hysteresis, nke na-egbochi ọrụ nkịtị nke ihe elektrọnik n'ime akụrụngwa. Ikpo okwu nkenke granite, nke nwere obere mmetụta magnetik ha, anaghị akpakọrịta na ubi magnetik mpụga, na-ezere mmepụta nke nnyonye anya electromagnetic ma na-emepụta gburugburu ọrụ kwụsiri ike maka akụrụngwa ziri ezi. Na ngwa bara uru, njirimara mmetụta magnetik dị ala nke ikpo okwu nkenke granite na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa. Na sistemụ kọmputa quantum, qubits superconducting na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na mkpọtụ electromagnetic. Ọbụna mgbanwe ubi magnetik nke ọkwa 1nT (nanotesla) nwere ike ibute mfu nke njikọ qubits, na-ebute njehie kọmputa. Mgbe otu ndị nyocha jiri ihe granite dochie ikpo okwu nnwale ahụ, mkpọtụ ubi magnetik ndabere gburugburu akụrụngwa ahụ dara nke ukwuu site na 5nT ruo n'okpuru 0.1nT. Oge njikọ nke qubits ahụ gbatịkwuru ugboro atọ, ọnụego njehie ọrụ belatara site na 80%, nke na-eme ka nkwụsi ike na izi ezi nke kọmputa quantum dịkwuo mma nke ukwuu. N'ọhịa nke akụrụngwa lithography semiconductor, isi iyi ọkụ ultraviolet dị oke njọ na sensọ nkenke n'oge usoro lithography nwere ihe achọrọ siri ike maka gburugburu electromagnetic. Mgbe ejiri ikpo okwu nkenke granite mee ihe, akụrụngwa ahụ guzogidere nnyonye anya electromagnetic mpụga nke ọma, e mekwara ka izi ezi nhazi dịkwuo mma site na ±10nm ruo ±3nm, na-enye nkwa siri ike maka mmepụta kwụsiri ike nke usoro dị elu nke 7nm na n'okpuru. Na mgbakwunye, na igwe elektrọn dị oke mma, ngwa onyonyo magnetik nuklia na ngwa ndị ọzọ nwere mmetụta na gburugburu elektrọn, ikpo okwu nkenke granite na-ahụkwa na ngwa ahụ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ihi obere njirimara nnabata magnet ha. Nnweta magnetik fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ efu nke ikpo okwu nkenke granite na-eme ka ha bụrụ nhọrọ zuru oke maka ngwa nkenke iji guzogide nnyonye anya electromagnetic. Ka teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu na sistemụ dị elu na nke siri ike karị, ihe achọrọ maka ndakọrịta electromagnetic nke akụrụngwa na-aghọwanye ihe siri ike. Ikpo okwu nkenke granite, nke nwere uru pụrụ iche a, ga-anọgide na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepụta dị elu na nyocha sayensị kachasị elu, na-enyere ụlọ ọrụ aka mgbe niile ịgafe nsogbu teknụzụ ma ruo n'ọkwa ọhụrụ.
Oge ozi: Mee-14-2025