Ikpo okwu nnwale semiconductor: Kedu uru dị na iji granite karịa ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe?

N'ihe gbasara nnwale semiconductor, nhọrọ ihe nke ikpo okwu nnwale na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na izi ezi nke nnwale na iguzosi ike na akụrụngwa. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe eji eme ihe ochie, granite na-aghọ nhọrọ kacha mma maka ikpo okwu nnwale semiconductor n'ihi arụmọrụ ya pụrụ iche.
Nguzogide corrosion dị oke mma na-eme ka ọrụ kwụsiri ike ruo ogologo oge
N'oge nnwale semiconductor, a na-ejikarị ihe ndị na-emepụta kemịkalụ dị iche iche, dịka potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution nke e ji eme ihe maka mmepụta photoresist, yana ihe ndị na-emebi emebi dị ka hydrofluoric acid (HF) na nitric acid (HNO₃) na usoro etching. Iron a na-ejikarị ihe ndị e ji ígwè mee. N'ebe kemịkalụ dị otú ahụ dị, mmeghachi omume mbelata oxidation nwere ike ime. Atọm ígwè na-efunahụ elektrọn ma na-enweta mmeghachi omume mgbanwe site na ihe ndị dị na acidic na ngwọta ahụ, na-akpata nchara ngwa ngwa nke elu, na-emepụta nchara na ịda mbà n'obi, ma na-emebi ịdị larịị na izi ezi nke ikpo okwu ahụ.

N'ụzọ dị iche, ihe mejupụtara mineral nke granite na-enye ya ikike iguzogide nchara pụrụ iche. Isi ihe mejupụtara ya, quartz (SiO₂), nwere ihe kemịkalụ siri ike nke ukwuu ma ọ naghị emegharị ya na asịd na ntọala nkịtị. Ihe ndị dị ka feldspar anaghịkwa arụ ọrụ n'ime gburugburu kemịkalụ n'ozuzu. Ọtụtụ nnwale egosila na n'otu gburugburu kemịkalụ nchọpụta semiconductor a na-emebu, nguzogide nchara kemịkalụ nke granite karịrị ugboro 15 karịa nke ígwè a kpụrụ akpụ. Nke a pụtara na iji ikpo okwu granite nwere ike ibelata ugboro na ọnụ ahịa mmezi akụrụngwa nke nchara kpatara nke ukwuu, ịgbatị ndụ ọrụ nke akụrụngwa ahụ, ma hụ na izi ezi nchọpụta ahụ kwụsiri ike ogologo oge.
Nkwụsi ike dị elu nke ukwuu, na-emezu ihe achọrọ maka izi ezi nke nchọpụta ọkwa nanometer
Nnwale Semiconductor nwere oke ihe achọrọ maka nkwụsi ike nke ikpo okwu ahụ, ọ dịkwa mkpa ịtụle kpọmkwem njirimara nke mgbawa na nanoscale. Oke nke mgbasawanye okpomọkụ nke ígwè a kpụrụ akpụ dị elu, ihe dị ka 10-12 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Okpomọkụ nke ọrụ nke ngwaọrụ nchọpụta ma ọ bụ mgbanwe nke okpomọkụ gburugburu ga-akpata nnukwu mgbasawanye okpomọkụ na mkpụmkpụ nke ikpo ígwè a kpụrụ akpụ, na-ebute mgbanwe ọnọdụ n'etiti nyocha nchọpụta na mgbawa ma na-emetụta izi ezi nha.

Oke mgbasawanye okpomọkụ nke granite bụ naanị 0.6-5×10⁻⁶/℃, nke bụ obere ma ọ bụ ọbụna obere nke ígwè a kpụrụ akpụ. Ọdịdị ya dị oke. E wepụla nrụgide dị n'ime ya site na ịka nká nke okike ogologo oge, mgbanwe okpomọkụ anaghị emetụtakwa ya nke ukwuu. Na mgbakwunye, granite nwere ike siri ike, yana ike siri ike nke okpukpu 2 ruo 3 karịa nke ígwè a kpụrụ akpụ (nke kwekọrọ na HRC > 51), nke nwere ike iguzogide mmetụta mpụga na mkpọtụ nke ọma ma nọgide na-enwe larịị na kwụ ọtọ nke ikpo okwu ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na nchọpụta sekit chip dị elu, ikpo okwu granite nwere ike ijikwa njehie dị larịị n'ime ±0.5μm/m, na-eme ka ngwa nchọpụta ahụ nwee ike ịnweta nchọpụta ziri ezi nanoscale na gburugburu mgbagwoju anya.
Ihe onwunwe mgbochi magnetik pụrụ iche, na-emepụta gburugburu nchọpụta dị ọcha
Ihe ndị dị na eletrọniki na ihe mmetụta dị na ngwaọrụ nnwale semiconductor na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na nnyonye anya eletrọniki. Ígwè a na-akpụ akpụ nwere oke magnetism. N'ime gburugburu eletrọniki, ọ ga-emepụta oghere magnetik nke na-akpali akpali, nke ga-egbochi akara eletrọniki nke akụrụngwa nchọpụta, na-ebute mgbagọ mgbaàmà na data nchọpụta na-adịghị mma.

N'aka nke ọzọ, granite bụ ihe na-egbochi magnetik ma ọ naghị ejikọta ya na ubi magnetik mpụga. Elektrọn dị n'ime dị n'ime njikọ kemịkalụ, ihe owuwu ahụ kwụsiri ike, ọ dịghịkwa emetụta ike electromagnetic mpụga. N'ebe siri ike nke 10mT, ike magnetik nke e tinyere n'elu granite erughị 0.001mT, ebe nke dị n'elu ígwè a kpụrụ akpụ dị elu karịa 8mT. Njirimara a na-enye ohere ka ikpo okwu granite mepụta gburugburu elektrọnik dị ọcha maka akụrụngwa nchọpụta, karịsịa maka ọnọdụ ndị nwere ihe achọrọ siri ike maka mkpọtụ electromagnetic dị ka nchọpụta quantum chip na nchọpụta sekit analog dị elu, na-eme ka ntụkwasị obi na nguzosi ike nke nsonaazụ nchọpụta dịkwuo mma.

N'ịrụ usoro nnwale semiconductor, granite agafeela ihe eji eme ihe n'ígwè a kpụrụ akpụ nke ọma n'ihi uru dị ukwuu ya dịka iguzogide nchara, nkwụsi ike na mgbochi magnetism. Ka teknụzụ semiconductor na-aga n'ihu na nkenke ka mma, granite ga-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'ịhụ na akụrụngwa nnwale na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma na-akwalite ọganihu nke ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor.