Ngwa Granite na Nnyocha FPD

Ngosipụta Flat Panel (FPD) aghọọla ihe a na-ahụkarị na TV ndị ga-abịa n'ọdịnihu. Ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, mana enweghị nkọwa doro anya n'ụwa. N'ozuzu, ụdị ngosipụta a dị gịrịgịrị ma dị ka panel dị larịị. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ngosipụta panel dị larịị. Dịka usoro ngosi na ụkpụrụ ọrụ si dị, enwere ngosipụta kristal mmiri mmiri (LCD), ngosipụta plasma (PDP), ngosipụta electroluminescence (ELD), ngosipụta electroluminescence organic (OLED), ngosipụta emission field (FED), ngosipụta projection, wdg. Ọtụtụ ngwa FPD ka ejiri granite mee. N'ihi na ntọala igwe granite nwere nkọwa ziri ezi na njirimara anụ ahụ ka mma.

usoro mmepe
Ma e jiri ya tụnyere CRT ọdịnala (cathode ray tube), ihe ngosi panel dị larịị nwere uru dị ka obere, ọkụ, obere ike oriri, obere radieshon, enweghị glicker, na uru bara uru maka ahụike mmadụ. Ọ gafere CRT na ahịa ụwa. Ka ọ na-erule 2010, a na-eme atụmatụ na oke nke uru ahịa nke abụọ ga-eru 5:1. Na narị afọ nke 21, ihe ngosi panel dị larịị ga-abụ ngwaahịa kachasị na ngosipụta ahụ. Dịka amụma nke Stanford Resources a ma ama si dị, ahịa ngosi panel dị larịị zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-abawanye site na ijeri dọla US 23 na 2001 ruo ijeri dọla US 58.7 na 2006, ọnụego uto kwa afọ ga-erukwa 20% n'ime afọ anọ sochirinụ.

Teknụzụ ngosi
A na-ekewa ngosipụta panel dị larịị n'ime ngosipụta na-ewepụta ìhè na-arụ ọrụ na ngosipụta na-ewepụta ìhè na-adịghị arụ ọrụ. Nke mbụ na-ezo aka na ngwaọrụ ngosipụta nke ihe ngosi ahụ na-ewepụta ìhè ma na-enye radieshon a na-ahụ anya, nke gụnyere ngosipụta plasma (PDP), ngosipụta fluorescent vacuum (VFD), ngosipụta emission field (FED), ngosipụta electroluminescence (LED) na ngosipụta diode na-ewepụta ìhè organic (OLED) ) Chere. Nke ikpeazụ pụtara na ọ naghị ewepụta ìhè n'onwe ya, kama ọ na-eji ihe ngosi ahụ ka e jiri akara eletriki gbanwee ya, njirimara anya ya na-agbanwekwa, na-agbanwe ìhè gburugburu na ìhè nke ọkọnọ ike mpụga na-ewepụta (ọkụ azụ, isi iyi ọkụ projection), ma na-eme ya na ihuenyo ma ọ bụ ihuenyo. Ngwaọrụ ngosi, gụnyere ngosipụta kristal mmiri mmiri (LCD), ngosipụta sistemụ micro-electromechanical (DMD) na ngosipụta ink eletrọniki (EL), wdg.
LCD
Ngosipụta kristal mmiri nwere ngosipụta kristal mmiri dị iche iche (PM-LCD) na ngosipụta kristal mmiri dị n'ime matrix (AM-LCD). Ngosipụta kristal mmiri dị n'ime STN na TN bụ nke ngosipụta kristal mmiri dị n'ime matrix mmiri dị n'ime. Na afọ 1990, teknụzụ ngosipụta kristal mmiri dị n'ime matrix mmiri mepụtara ngwa ngwa, ọkachasị transistor mmiri dị n'ime fim dị n'ime (TFT-LCD). Dịka ngwaahịa nnọchi nke STN, ọ nwere uru nke ọsọ nzaghachi ngwa ngwa na enweghị mmụgharị, a na-ejikwa ya nke ukwuu na kọmputa na ebe ọrụ, TV, kamera na njikwa egwuregwu vidiyo aka. Ihe dị iche n'etiti AM-LCD na PM-LCD bụ na nke mbụ nwere ngwaọrụ mgbanwe agbakwunyere na pixel ọ bụla, nke nwere ike imeri nnyonye anya cross-interference ma nweta nnukwu ọdịiche na ngosipụta mkpebi dị elu. AM-LCD dị ugbu a na-anabata ngwaọrụ mgbanwe silicon (a-Si) TFT amorphous na atụmatụ capacitor nchekwa, nke nwere ike nweta ọkwa isi awọ dị elu ma nweta ezigbo ngosipụta agba. Agbanyeghị, mkpa maka mkpebi dị elu na obere pikselụ maka ngwa igwefoto na projection dị elu emeela ka mmepe nke ngosipụta P-Si (polysilicon) TFT (pịrị fim transistor) dị n'ime. Njem P-Si dị elu karịa nke a-Si ugboro asatọ ruo itoolu. Obere nha P-Si TFT abụghị naanị maka ngosipụta dị elu na mkpebi dị elu, kamakwa enwere ike itinye sekit dị n'akụkụ na substrate ahụ.
Na mkpokọta, LCD dabara adaba maka ihe ngosi dị gịrịgịrị, dị mfe, obere na ọkara nke nwere obere ike, a na-ejikwa ya nke ọma na ngwaọrụ eletrọniki dịka kọmputa akwụkwọ ndetu na ekwentị mkpanaaka. Emepụtala LCD nke dị sentimita 30 na sentimita 40 nke ọma, e tinyekwala ụfọdụ n'ọrụ. Mgbe emepụtara LCD nke ukwuu, a na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa ya mgbe niile. Enwere ike ịnweta ihe nlele LCD nke dị sentimita 15 maka $500. Ntuziaka mmepe ya n'ọdịnihu bụ ịgbanwe ngosipụta cathode nke PC ma tinye ya na LCD TV.
Ngosipụta plasma
Ngosipụta Plasma bụ teknụzụ ngosipụta na-ewepụta ìhè nke a na-enweta site na ụkpụrụ nke mwepụ gas (dịka ikuku). Ngosipụta Plasma nwere uru nke tubes ray cathode, mana a na-arụ ha n'elu ihe owuwu dị gịrịgịrị. Nha ngwaahịa a na-ahụkarị bụ sentimita 40-42. A na-emepụta ngwaahịa 50-60 inch.
ọkụ ọkụ ikuku
Ngosipụta ọkụ ọkụ bụ ihe ngosi a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ngwa ọdịyo/vidiyo na ngwa ụlọ. Ọ bụ ngwaọrụ ngosipụta ọkụ ọkụ nke ụdị tube electron triode nke na-ekpuchi kathode, grid na anode n'ime tube vacuum. Ọ bụ na elektrọn ndị cathode na-ewepụta na-eme ngwa ngwa site na voltaji dị mma etinyere na grid na anode, ma na-akpali phosphor nke a kpuchiri na anode ka ọ na-ewepụta ìhè. Grid ahụ na-eji usoro mmanụ aṅụ eme ihe.
ọkụ eletrik)
A na-eji teknụzụ siri ike nke ihe nkiri dị gịrịgịrị eme ihe ngosi electroluminescent. A na-etinye oyi akwa mkpuchi n'etiti efere abụọ na-eduzi ma tinye oyi akwa electroluminescent dị gịrịgịrị. Ngwaọrụ a na-eji efere mkpuchi zinc ma ọ bụ strontium nke nwere spectrum emission sara mbara dị ka ihe mejupụtara electroluminescent. Oyi akwa electroluminescent ya dị 100 microns n'ọkpụrụkpụ ma nwee ike nweta otu mmetụta ngosipụta doro anya dị ka ngosipụta diode na-ewepụta ìhè organic (OLED). Voltaji draịva ya bụ 10KHz, voltaji AC 200V, nke chọrọ IC draịva dị oke ọnụ. Emepụtala microdisplay dị elu nke na-eji usoro draịva array active.
duru
Ngosipụta diode na-ewepụta ìhè nwere ọtụtụ diode na-ewepụta ìhè, nke nwere ike ịbụ monochromatic ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ agba. Diode na-ewepụta ìhè anụnụ anụnụ dị elu, nke na-eme ka o kwe omume imepụta ngosipụta LED ihuenyo buru ibu zuru oke. Ngosipụta LED nwere njirimara nke ìhè dị elu, arụmọrụ dị elu na ogologo ndụ, ma dabara adaba maka ngosipụta ihuenyo buru ibu maka ojiji n'èzí. Agbanyeghị, enweghị ike iji teknụzụ a mepụta ngosipụta etiti maka ihe nlele ma ọ bụ PDA (kọmputa aka). Agbanyeghị, enwere ike iji sekit LED monolithic integrated dị ka ngosipụta mebere monochromatic.
MEMS
Nke a bụ obere ihe ngosi e ji teknụzụ MEMS emepụta. N'ihe ngosi ndị dị otú ahụ, a na-emepụta obere ihe owuwu mekaniki site na nhazi semiconductor na ihe ndị ọzọ site na iji usoro semiconductor ọkọlọtọ. N'ime ngwaọrụ micromirror dijitalụ, ihe owuwu ahụ bụ obere enyo nke ejiri ihe nkwado kwado. A na-eme ka ihe njikọ ya rụọ ọrụ site na ibu dị na efere ejikọtara na otu n'ime sel ebe nchekwa dị n'okpuru. Nha nke micromirror ọ bụla dị ihe dị ka dayameta nke ntutu mmadụ. A na-ejikarị ngwaọrụ a eme ihe na ihe ngosi azụmahịa na ihe ngosi ihe nkiri ụlọ.
mwepụta ubi
Isi ihe dị na ngosipụta mwepụta ikuku ubi bụ otu ihe ahụ dị na tube katode ray, ya bụ, a na-adọta elektrọn site na efere ma mee ka ha kụọ phosphor nke a kpuchiri na anode iji wepụta ìhè. Katode ya nwere ọtụtụ obere isi mmalite elektrọn ndị a haziri n'usoro, ya bụ, n'ụdị otu pixel na otu katode. Dịka ngosipụta plasma, ngosipụta mwepụta ikuku ubi chọrọ voltaji dị elu iji rụọ ọrụ, site na 200V ruo 6000V. Mana ruo ugbu a, ọ ghọbeghị ihe ngosi panel dị larịị n'ihi oke ọnụ ahịa mmepụta nke akụrụngwa mmepụta ya.
ọkụ organic
N'ihe ngosi diode na-ewepụta ìhè organic (OLED), a na-agafe ọkụ eletrik site na otu ma ọ bụ karịa oyi akwa plastik iji mepụta ìhè nke yiri diode na-ewepụta ìhè inorganic. Nke a pụtara na ihe achọrọ maka ngwaọrụ OLED bụ ihe nkiri siri ike na substrate. Agbanyeghị, ihe ndị dị ndụ na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na uzuoku mmiri na oxygen, yabụ mkpuchi dị mkpa. OLEDs bụ ngwaọrụ na-ewepụta ìhè na-arụ ọrụ ma na-egosipụta njirimara ìhè dị mma na njirimara oriri ike dị ala. Ha nwere nnukwu ikike maka mmepụta oke na usoro mpịakọta-site-mpịachi na substrates na-agbanwe agbanwe ma ya mere ha adịghị oke ọnụ iji mepụta. Teknụzụ ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ngwa, site na ọkụ dị mfe monochromatic buru ibu ruo na ngosipụta eserese vidiyo agba zuru oke.
Ink eletrọniki
Ngosipụta E-ink bụ ihe ngosi ndị a na-achịkwa site n'itinye ubi eletrik na ihe bistable. Ọ nwere ọtụtụ obere okirikiri ndị a na-emechi emechi, nke ọ bụla dị ihe dị ka micron 100 na dayameta, nwere ihe e ji agba mmiri ojii na ọtụtụ puku mkpụrụ titanium dioxide ọcha. Mgbe etinyere ubi eletrik na ihe bistable, mkpụrụ titanium dioxide ga-agagharị na otu n'ime elektrọd dabere na ọnọdụ chajị ha. Nke a na-eme ka pixel ahụ na-enwu ma ọ bụ na ọ naghị enwu. N'ihi na ihe ahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, ọ na-echekwa ozi ruo ọnwa ole na ole. Ebe ọ bụ na mpaghara eletrik na-achịkwa ọnọdụ ọrụ ya, enwere ike ịgbanwe ọdịnaya ngosipụta ya na obere ike.

ihe nchọpụta ọkụ ọkụ
Ihe Nchọpụta Fotometric nke Ọkụ na-ere ọkụ FPD (Ihe Nchọpụta Fotometric nke Ọkụ na-ere ọkụ, FPD maka mkpụmkpụ)
1. Ụkpụrụ nke FPD
Ụkpụrụ nke FPD dabere na ọkụ nke ihe nlele ahụ n'ọkụ jupụtara na hydrogen, nke mere na hydrogen na-ebelata ihe ndị nwere sulfur na phosphorus mgbe ọkụ gbasịrị, a na-emepụtakwa ọnọdụ mkpali nke S2* (ọnọdụ obi ụtọ nke S2) na HPO* (ọnọdụ obi ụtọ nke HPO). Ihe abụọ ahụ na-akpali akpali na-egbukepụ egbukepụ gburugburu 400nm na 550nm mgbe ha laghachiri n'ala. A na-eji tube photomultiplier tụọ ike nke spectrum a, ike ọkụ ahụ dakọtara na ọnụego oke mmiri nke ihe nlele ahụ. FPD bụ ihe nchọpụta dị oke nro ma na-ahọrọ, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na nyocha nke ngwakọta sulfur na phosphorus.
2. Nhazi nke FPD
FPD bụ ihe owuwu nke jikọtara FID na photometer. Ọ malitere dị ka otu FPD nke na-ere ọkụ. Mgbe afọ 1978 gachara, iji mejupụta adịghị ike nke otu FPD nke na-ere ọkụ, e mepụtara FPD nke na-ere ọkụ abụọ. O nwere ọkụ ikuku-hydrogen abụọ dị iche iche, ọkụ dị ala na-agbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe atụ ka ọ bụrụ ngwaahịa ọkụ nwere mkpụrụ ndụ dị mfe dịka S2 na HPO; ọkụ dị n'elu na-emepụta iberibe ọnọdụ na-enwu enwu dị ka S2* na HPO*, enwere windo lekwasịrị anya na ọkụ dị n'elu, a na-ahụkwa ike nke chemiluminescence site na tube photomultiplier. E ji iko siri ike mee windo ahụ, e jikwa ígwè anaghị agba nchara mee nozzle ọkụ ahụ.
3. Arụmọrụ nke FPD
FPD bụ ihe nchọpụta nhọrọ maka ịchọpụta ihe mejupụtara sọlfọ na phosphorus. Ọkụ ya bụ ire ọkụ jupụtara na hydrogen, ọkọnọ ikuku ezuola naanị iji meghachi omume na 70% nke hydrogen, yabụ okpomọkụ ọkụ dị ala iji mepụta sọlfọ na phosphorus a kpaliri. Mpekere ndị mejupụtara ya. Ọkwa mmiri nke gas, hydrogen na ikuku nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na FPD, yabụ njikwa mmiri gas kwesịrị ịdịgide nke ọma. Okpomọkụ ọkụ maka mkpebi nke ihe mejupụtara sọlfọ kwesịrị ịdị ihe dịka 390 °C, nke nwere ike ịmepụta S2 * a kpaliri; maka mkpebi nke ihe mejupụtara phosphorus, oke nke hydrogen na oxygen kwesịrị ịdị n'etiti 2 na 5, a ga-agbanwekwa oke hydrogen-na-oxygen dịka ihe atụ dị iche iche si dị. Ekwesịrị ịhazi gas na gas a haziri nke ọma iji nweta ezigbo oke mgbaàmà-na-mkpọtụ.