Site na isotropy ihe onwunwe ruo na nkwụsị nke ịma jijiji: Kedu ka granite si achọpụta na nkwughachi nke data nyocha nyocha sayensị?

IN'ọhịa nke nyocha sayensị, nkwughachi nke data nnwale bụ isi ihe maka ịlele nkwenye nke nchọpụta sayensị. nnyonye anya gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ njehie nha ọ bụla nwere ike ịkpata ngbanwe nke nsonaazụ ya, si otú ahụ na-ebelata ntụkwasị obi nke nkwubi nyocha. Site na njirimara anụ ahụ na kemịkal ya pụtara ìhè, granite na-eme ka nkwụsi ike nke nnwale n'akụkụ niile site na ọdịdị ihe ya ruo n'ichepụta ihe, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe ndabere maka akụrụngwa nyocha sayensị.

1. Isotropy: Ikpochapụ isi mmalite njehie dị na ihe ahụ n'onwe ya
Granite bụ kristal ịnweta dị ka quartz, feldspar na mica kesara nke ọma, na-egosi njirimara isotropic eke. Njiri mara nke a na-egosi na njirimara anụ ahụ ya (dịka ike siri ike na modul ngbanwe) na-agbanwe agbanwe n'akụkụ niile na ọ gaghị eme ka ngbanwe nha n'ihi ọdịiche dị n'ime ụlọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ime nyocha nke sistemu ziri ezi, mgbe etinyere nlele n'elu ikpo okwu granite maka nlele nlele, nrụrụ nke ikpo okwu na-anọgide na-akwụsi ike n'agbanyeghị ntụzịaka nke etinyere ike, si otú a na-ezere njehie nha nke ọma site na anisotropy nke ntụzịaka ihe ahụ. N'ụzọ dị iche, ihe ọla na-egosipụta anisotropy dị ịrịba ama n'ihi ọdịiche dị na nhazi kristal n'oge nhazi, nke na-emetụta ngbanwe nke data nyocha. Ya mere, njirimara a nke granite na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu nke ọnọdụ nnwale na-atọkwa ntọala siri ike maka ịnweta data nkwughachi.

2. Nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ: guzogide nnyonye anya nke mgbanwe okpomọkụ kpatara
Nnwale nyocha sayensị na-enwekarị mmetụta maka ọnọdụ okpomọkụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọbụlagodi obere mgbanwe okpomọkụ nwere ike ime ka mgbasa ọkụ na mkpirisi ihe, si otú ahụ na-emetụta nha nha. Granite nwere ọnụọgụ dị oke ala nke mgbasawanye thermal (4-8 × 10⁻⁶ / ℃), nke bụ naanị ọkara nke ígwè nkedo na otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke aluminum alloy. Na gburugburu ebe okpomọkụ nwere mgbanwe nke ± 5 ℃, mgbanwe nha nke ikpo okwu granite dị otu mita erughị 0.04μm, nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na a ga-eleghara ya anya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na nnwale nnyonye anya anya, iji nyiwe granite nwere ike kewapụ nke ọma ọgbaghara ọnọdụ okpomọkụ kpatara mmalite na nkwụsị nke ikuku ikuku, si otú ahụ na-ahụ nkwụsi ike nke data n'oge nha ogologo ikuku laser na izere ndabichi nnyonye anya n'ihi nrụrụ ọkụ, si otú a na-ekwe nkwa ịdị mma na nha data n'oge dị iche iche.

Iii. Ike mbelata ịma jijiji pụtara ìhè
Na gburugburu ụlọ nyocha, ịma jijiji dị iche iche (dịka ọrụ akụrụngwa na mmegharị ndị ọrụ) bụ ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta nsonaazụ ule. N'ihi njirimara dị elu ya, granite aghọwo ụdị "ihe mgbochi okike". Ọdịdị kristal dị n'ime ya nwere ike gbanwee ike vibration ngwa ngwa ka ọ bụrụ ike ọkụ, na njedebe ya dị elu dị ka 0.05-0.1, nke dị mma karịa nke ihe ọla (naanị ihe dịka 0.01). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na nnwale nyocha microscopy (STM), site na iji ntọala granite, ihe karịrị 90% nke mkpọtụ mpụga nwere ike belata n'ime naanị 0.3 sekọnd, na-edobe anya n'etiti nyocha na elu nlele ahụ kwụsiri ike ma si otú a hụ na nkwekọ nke inweta ihe onyonyo atomically. Na mgbakwunye, ijikọ ikpo okwu granite na sistemụ kewapụ ịma jijiji dị ka isi iyi ikuku ma ọ bụ levitation magnet nwere ike belata nnyonye anya oscillation na ọkwa nanometer, na-emeziwanye nnwale nnwale.

Iv. Nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ na ntụkwasị obi ogologo oge
Omume nyocha sayensị na-achọkarị nkwenye ogologo oge na ugboro ugboro, ya mere ihe achọrọ maka ịdịte ihe onwunwe dị mkpa karịsịa. Dị ka ihe nwere mmetụta kemịkal kwụsiri ike, granite nwere oke nnabata pH (1-14), anaghị emeghachi omume na acid nkịtị na alkali reagents, ọ naghị ahapụkwa ion metal. Ya mere, ọ dabara maka gburugburu mgbagwoju anya dị ka ụlọ nyocha kemịkalụ na ọnụ ụlọ dị ọcha. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, isi ike ya dị elu (Mohs hardness of 6-7) na nguzogide dị mma na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị na-eyi na nrụrụ n'oge eji ogologo oge. Data na-egosi na flatness mgbanwe nke granite n'elu ikpo okwu na e ji mee ihe ruo 10 afọ na a ụfọdụ physics nnyocha Institute ka na-achịkwa n'ime ± 0.1μm / m, Ịtọ ntọala siri ike maka nọgidere na-enye a pụrụ ịdabere na ntụaka.

Na mmechi, site n'echiche nke microstructure ruo na arụmọrụ macroscopic, granite na-ekpochapụ usoro dị iche iche nwere ike itinye aka na ọtụtụ uru dị ka isotropy, nkwụsi ike dị mma nke okpomọkụ, ikike nkwụsị nke ọma, na ịdịte aka kemịkalụ pụtara ìhè. N'ime nchọpụta sayensị nke na-achụso siri ike na nkwughachi, granite, na uru ya na-enweghị atụ, aghọwo ike dị mkpa n'ịhụ eziokwu na data a pụrụ ịdabere na ya.