N'ime usoro mmepụta semiconductor ziri ezi ma dị mgbagwoju anya nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa wafer, nrụgide okpomọkụ dị ka "onye na-ebibi ihe" zoro ezo n'ọchịchịrị, na-eyi egwu mgbe niile na ịdị mma nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa na arụmọrụ nke chips. Site na ọdịiche dị na ọnụọgụ mgbasa okpomọkụ dị n'etiti chips na ihe nkwakọ ngwaahịa ruo na mgbanwe okpomọkụ dị oke njọ n'oge usoro nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ụzọ mmepụta nke nrụgide okpomọkụ dị iche iche, mana ihe niile na-egosi nsonaazụ nke ibelata ọnụego mmepụta na imetụta ntụkwasị obi ogologo oge nke chips. Ntọala granite, yana ihe pụrụ iche ya, na-aghọ "onye inyeaka" dị ike n'ịnagide nsogbu nke nrụgide okpomọkụ.
Nsogbu nrụgide okpomọkụ na ngwugwu wafer
Nkwakọ ngwaahịa Wafer gụnyere ọrụ mmekorita nke ọtụtụ ihe. A na-ejikarị ihe semiconductor dị ka silicon eme ihe, ebe ihe nkwakọ ngwaahịa dị ka ihe nkwakọ ngwaahịa plastik na ihe ndị dị n'ime ya dị iche iche na mma. Mgbe okpomọkụ gbanwere n'oge usoro nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche na oke mgbasawanye okpomọkụ na mkpụkọ n'ihi nnukwu ọdịiche dị na coefficient nke mgbasawanye okpomọkụ (CTE). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, coefficient nke mgbasawanye okpomọkụ nke chips silicon dị ihe dị ka 2.6 × 10⁻⁶/℃, ebe coefficient nke mgbasawanye okpomọkụ nke ihe eji akpụzi epoxy resin nkịtị dị elu ruo 15-20 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Nnukwu oghere a na-eme ka ogo mkpụkọ na ihe nkwakọ ngwaahịa ghara ịdị n'otu n'oge oge oyi mgbe ejiri nkwakọ ngwaahịa, na-emepụta nrụgide okpomọkụ siri ike na njikọ dị n'etiti ha abụọ. N'okpuru mmetụta na-aga n'ihu nke nrụgide okpomọkụ, wafer nwere ike ịgbagọ ma gbanwee. N'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike, ọ nwere ike ibute ntụpọ na-egbu egbu dị ka mgbawa chip, mgbawa nkwonkwo solder, na delamination interface, na-ebute mmebi na arụmọrụ eletriki nke chip na mbelata dị ukwuu na ndụ ọrụ ya. Dịka ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ ọrụ si kwuo, ọnụego ntụpọ nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa wafer nke nsogbu nrụgide okpomọkụ kpatara nwere ike ịdị elu ruo 10% ruo 15%, na-aghọ isi ihe na-egbochi mmepe dị irè na nke dị elu nke ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor.
Uru njirimara nke ntọala granite
Oke obere nke mgbasawanye okpomọkụ: Granite bụ kristal mineral dị ka quartz na feldspar, oke ya nke mgbasawanye okpomọkụ dịkwa obere nke ukwuu, nke na-adịkarị site na 0.6 ruo 5 × 10⁻⁶/℃, nke dị nso na nke silicon chips. Njirimara a na-eme ka o kwe omume na n'oge ọrụ nke ngwa nkwakọ ngwaahịa wafer, ọbụlagodi mgbe enwere mgbanwe okpomọkụ, ọdịiche dị na mgbasawanye okpomọkụ dị n'etiti ntọala granite na chip na ihe nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-ebelata nke ukwuu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe okpomọkụ gbanwere site na 10℃, enwere ike ibelata mgbanwe nha nke ikpo okwu nkwakọ ngwaahịa e wuru na ntọala granite site na ihe karịrị 80% ma e jiri ya tụnyere ntọala ígwè ọdịnala, nke na-ebelata nrụgide okpomọkụ nke mgbasawanye okpomọkụ na mkpụkọ okpomọkụ asynchronous kpatara, ma na-enye gburugburu nkwado kwụsiri ike maka wafer.
Nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ dị mma: Granite nwere nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ pụrụ iche. Ọdịdị ime ya dị oke njọ, kristal ndị ahụ na-ejikọ nke ọma site na njikọ ionic na covalent, na-enye ohere maka mbugharị okpomọkụ dị nwayọ n'ime. Mgbe akụrụngwa nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-agafe usoro okpomọkụ dị mgbagwoju anya, ntọala granite nwere ike igbochi mmetụta nke mgbanwe okpomọkụ n'onwe ya nke ọma ma nọgide na-enwe mpaghara okpomọkụ kwụsiri ike. Nnwale ndị dị mkpa na-egosi na n'okpuru ọnụego mgbanwe okpomọkụ nkịtị nke akụrụngwa nkwakọ ngwaahịa (dịka ±5℃ kwa nkeji), enwere ike ijikwa mgbanwe nha nha okpomọkụ elu nke ntọala granite n'ime ±0.1℃, na-ezere ihe omume nke nrụgide okpomọkụ nke ọdịiche okpomọkụ mpaghara kpatara, na-ahụ na wafer ahụ dị na gburugburu okpomọkụ otu na nke kwụsiri ike n'oge usoro nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ma na-ebelata isi iyi nke mmepụta nrụgide okpomọkụ.
Nkwụsi ike na mgbochi mkpọtụ: N'oge ọrụ nke ngwa nkwakọ ngwaahịa wafer, akụkụ ndị na-agagharị n'ime (dịka moto, ngwaọrụ nnyefe, wdg) ga-emepụta mkpọtụ. Ọ bụrụ na ebufe mkpọtụ ndị a na wafer, ha ga-eme ka mmebi nke nrụgide okpomọkụ na wafer ahụ sikwuo ike. Ntọala granite nwere nnukwu nkwụsi ike na ike dị elu karịa nke ọtụtụ ihe ígwè, nke nwere ike iguzogide nnyonye anya nke mkpọtụ mpụga. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nhazi ime ya pụrụ iche na-enye ya arụmọrụ mgbochi mkpọtụ dị mma ma na-enye ya ohere iwepụ ike mkpọtụ ngwa ngwa. Data nyocha na-egosi na ntọala granite nwere ike ibelata mkpọtụ ugboro ugboro (100-1000Hz) nke ọrụ nke ngwa nkwakọ ngwaahịa mepụtara site na 60% ruo 80%, na-ebelata mmetụta njikọ nke mkpọtụ na nrụgide okpomọkụ nke ukwuu, ma na-ahụkwa na nkwakọ ngwaahịa wafer dị oke mma na ntụkwasị obi dị elu.
Mmetụta ojiji bara uru
N'usoro mmepụta nkwakọ ngwaahịa wafer nke otu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta semiconductor a ma ama, mgbe e tinyechara ngwa nkwakọ ngwaahịa na ntọala granite, e meela ihe ndị dị ịrịba ama. Dabere na nyocha nke data nyocha nke wafer 10,000 mgbe e mechara nkwakọ ngwaahịa, tupu e jiri ntọala granite mee ihe, ọnụego ntụpọ nke wafer warping nke nrụgide okpomọkụ kpatara bụ 12%. Agbanyeghị, mgbe agbanwere gaa na ntọala granite, ọnụego ntụpọ dara nke ukwuu ruo n'ime 3%, ọnụego mkpụrụ ahụ ka mma nke ukwuu. Ọzọkwa, ule ntụkwasị obi ogologo oge egosila na mgbe usoro 1,000 nke okpomọkụ dị elu (125℃) na obere okpomọkụ (-55℃) gasịrị, ọnụọgụ nke mmebi njikọ solder nke chip dabere na ngwugwu ntọala granite ebelatala site na 70% ma e jiri ya tụnyere ngwugwu ntọala ọdịnala, a kawanyekwa nkwụsi ike arụmọrụ nke chip ahụ nke ọma.
Ka teknụzụ semiconductor na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu na nhazi dị elu na obere nha, ihe achọrọ maka njikwa nrụgide okpomọkụ na nkwakọ ngwaahịa wafer na-aghọwanye ihe siri ike. Ntọala granite, yana uru zuru oke ha na obere mmụba okpomọkụ, nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ na mbelata mkpọtụ, aghọwo nhọrọ dị mkpa maka imeziwanye mma nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa wafer na ibelata mmetụta nke nrụgide okpomọkụ. Ha na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na-eme ka ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor nwee mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.
Oge ozi: Mee-15-2025